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ASP.NET Core 源码学习之 Logging[4]:FileProvider
阅读量:4701 次
发布时间:2019-06-09

本文共 11356 字,大约阅读时间需要 37 分钟。

原文:

前面几章介绍了 ASP.NET Core Logging 系统的配置和使用,而对于 Provider ,微软也提供了 Console, Debug, EventSource, TraceSource 等,但是没有我们最常用的 FilePrivider,而比较流行的 Log4Net , NLog 等也对 ASP.NET Core 的 Logging 系统提供了扩展,但是太过于复杂,而且他们本身就是一个完整的日志系统,功能上会有较多的重合,所以我们不妨自己动手,写一个轻量级的完全基于 ASP.NET Core Logging 系统的 FileProvider

IMessageWriter

首先定义一个日志写入接口:

public interface IMessageWriter : IDisposable{    Task WriteMessagesAsync(string message, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken));}

只有一个异步的写日志方法,用来将日志写入到文件或者队列中。

FileWriter

IMessageWriter 最核心的实现,将日志写入到文件中。

public class FileWriter : IMessageWriter, IDisposable{    ...    public FileWriter(string path, long? fileSizeLimit = null)    {        ...        _underlyingStream = System.IO.File.Open(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.ReadWrite);        _output = new StreamWriter(_underlyingStream, new UTF8Encoding(encoderShouldEmitUTF8Identifier: false));    }    public async Task WriteMessagesAsync(string message, CancellationToken cancellationToken)    {        if (_maxFileSize > 0 && _underlyingStream.Length > _maxFileSize)        {            return;        }        await _output.WriteAsync(message);        FlushToDisk();    }    ...}

其实现很简单,就是使用最基本的文件 Stream 来写入文件 ,并立即刷新到磁盘。

BatchingWriter

上面 FileWriter 最大的弊端就是每次写日志都要进行一次文件IO操作,效率较低,可以使用定时器,来定时刷新到磁盘,来提高性能。不过,在 Logging.AzureAppServices 中发现了更好的实现方式,即使用批量提交:

public class BatchingWriter : IMessageWriter, IDisposable{    ...    public BatchingWriter(IMessageWriter writer, TimeSpan interval, int? batchSize, int? queueSize)    {        ...        Start();    }    private void Start()    {        _messageQueue = _queueSize == null ?            new BlockingCollection
(new ConcurrentQueue
()) : new BlockingCollection
(new ConcurrentQueue
(), _queueSize.Value); _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource(); _outputTask = Task.Factory.StartNew
( ProcessLogQueue, null, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning); } private async Task ProcessLogQueue(object state) { StringBuilder currentBatch = new StringBuilder(); while (!_cancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested) { var limit = _batchSize ?? int.MaxValue; while (limit > 0 && _messageQueue.TryTake(out var message)) { currentBatch.Append(message); limit--; } if (currentBatch.Length > 0) { try { await _writer.WriteMessagesAsync(currentBatch.ToString(), _cancellationTokenSource.Token); } catch { // ignored } } await IntervalAsync(_interval, _cancellationTokenSource.Token); } } protected virtual Task IntervalAsync(TimeSpan interval, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { return Task.Delay(interval, cancellationToken); } private void Stop() { ... } public Task WriteMessagesAsync(string message, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { if (!_messageQueue.IsAddingCompleted) { try { _messageQueue.Add(message, _cancellationTokenSource.Token); } catch { //cancellation token canceled or CompleteAdding called } } return Task.CompletedTask; } ...}

首先定义了一个并发队列,每次写入只需要将日志保存到队列当中,通过配置获取执行周期来定期从队列中取出日志,再使用上面的 FileWriter 来持久化到磁盘。

RollingFileWriter

使用上面两个类,已满足了最基本的写日志功能,但是在 Log4Net 等日志框架中,我们经常会按一定的频度滚动日志记录文件,也就是 RollingFile 功能,可实现将每天或每小时的日志保存到一个文件中,按文件大小进行滚动等功能。

首先是定义了一个 RollingFrequency 类,用来根据配置的文件名,来获取滚动频率,比如我们指定日志文件名为 Logs\my-{Date}.log,则表示每天滚动一次。

public class RollingFrequency{    public static readonly RollingFrequency Date = new RollingFrequency("Date", "yyyyMMdd", TimeSpan.FromDays(1));    public static readonly RollingFrequency Hour = new RollingFrequency("Hour", "yyyyMMddHH", TimeSpan.FromHours(1));    public string Name { get; }    public string Format { get; }    public TimeSpan Interval { get; }    RollingFrequency(string name, string format, TimeSpan interval)    {        if (name == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(name));        Format = format ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(format));        Name = "{" + name + "}";        Interval = interval;    }    public DateTime GetCurrentCheckpoint(DateTime instant)    {        if (this == Hour)        {            return instant.Date.AddHours(instant.Hour);        }        return instant.Date;    }    public DateTime GetNextCheckpoint(DateTime instant) => GetCurrentCheckpoint(instant).Add(Interval);    public static bool TryGetRollingFrequency(string pathTemplate, out RollingFrequency specifier)    {        if (pathTemplate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pathTemplate));        var frequencies = new[] { Date, Hour }.Where(s => pathTemplate.Contains(s.Name)).ToArray();        specifier = frequencies.LastOrDefault();        return specifier != null;    }}

再看一下 RollingFileWriter

public class RollingFileWriter : IMessageWriter, IDisposable{    ...    public RollingFileWriter(string pathFormat, long? fileSizeLimitBytes = null, int? retainedFileCountLimit = null)    {        ...    }    public Task WriteMessagesAsync(string message, CancellationToken cancellationToken)    {        AlignFileWriter();        return _currentFileWriter.WriteMessagesAsync(message, cancellationToken);    }    private void AlignFileWriter()    {        DateTime now = DateTime.Now;        if (!_nextCheckpoint.HasValue)        {            OpenFileWriter(now);        }        else if (now >= _nextCheckpoint.Value)        {            CloseFileWriter();            OpenFileWriter(now);        }    }    private void OpenFileWriter(DateTime now)    {        var currentCheckpoint = _roller.GetCurrentCheckpoint(now);        _nextCheckpoint = _roller.GetNextCheckpoint(now);        var existingFiles = Enumerable.Empty
(); try { existingFiles = Directory.GetFiles(_roller.LogFileDirectory, _roller.FileSearchPattern).Select(Path.GetFileName); } catch (DirectoryNotFoundException) { } var latestForThisCheckpoint = _roller .SelectMatches(existingFiles) .Where(m => m.DateTime == currentCheckpoint) .OrderByDescending(m => m.SequenceNumber) .FirstOrDefault(); var sequence = latestForThisCheckpoint != null ? latestForThisCheckpoint.SequenceNumber : 0; const int maxAttempts = 3; for (var attempt = 0; attempt < maxAttempts; attempt++) { string path = _roller.GetLogFilePath(now, sequence); try { _currentFileWriter = new FileWriter(path, _maxfileSizeLimit); } catch (IOException) { sequence++; continue; } RollFiles(path); return; } } // 删除超出保留文件数的日志文件 private void RollFiles(string currentFilePath) { if (_maxRetainedFiles > 0) { var potentialMatches = Directory.GetFiles(_roller.LogFileDirectory, _roller.FileSearchPattern) .Select(Path.GetFileName); var moveFiles = _roller .SelectMatches(potentialMatches) .OrderByDescending(m => m.DateTime) .ThenByDescending(m => m.SequenceNumber) .Skip(_maxRetainedFiles.Value) .Select(m => m.Filename); foreach (var obsolete in moveFiles) { System.IO.File.Delete(Path.Combine(_roller.LogFileDirectory, obsolete)); } } } ...}

根据滚动频率指定应该创建的文件名,然后调用 FileWriter 进行写入,具体代码可以去看文末贴的 GitHub 地址。

FileLogger

FileLogger 则是由上一章讲到的 Logger 来调用的,而在这里,它的作用是首先对日志进行过滤,然后将日志组装成字符串,再调用我们前面定义的 IMessageWriter 进行日志的写入:

public class FileLogger : ILogger, IDisposable{    ...    public FileLogger(IMessageWriter writer, string category, Func
filter) { ... } public void Log
(LogLevel logLevel, EventId eventId, TState state, Exception exception, Func
formatter) { if (!IsEnabled(logLevel)) { return; } if (formatter == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(formatter)); } var builder = new StringBuilder(); builder.Append(DateTimeOffset.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff zzz")); builder.Append(" ["); builder.Append(GetLogLevelString(logLevel)); builder.Append("] "); builder.Append(_category); builder.Append("["); builder.Append(eventId); builder.Append("]"); builder.Append(": "); builder.AppendLine(formatter(state, exception)); if (exception != null) { builder.AppendLine(exception.ToString()); } _writer.WriteMessagesAsync(builder.ToString()).Wait(); } ...}

在这里,日志的拼装是写死的,后续可以提供一个可配置的日志渲染器,来自定义输出格式。

ConsoleLoggerProvider

FileLoggerProvider 的唯一职责就是创建 FileLogger

[ProviderAlias("File")]public class FileLoggerProvider : ILoggerProvider{    ...    public FileLoggerProvider(IOptionsMonitor
options) { _optionsChangeToken = options.OnChange(UpdateOptions); UpdateOptions(options.CurrentValue); } private void UpdateOptions(FileLoggerOptions options) { if (RollingFrequency.TryGetRollingFrequency(options.Path, out var r)) { _msgWriter = new RollingFileWriter(options.Path, options.FileSizeLimit, options.RetainedFileCountLimit); } else { _msgWriter = new FileWriter(options.Path, options.FileSizeLimit); } if (options.IsEnabledBatching) { _msgWriter = new BatchingWriter(_msgWriter, options.FlushPeriod, options.BatchSize, options.BackgroundQueueSize); } } public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName) { return new FileLogger(_msgWriter, categoryName, _filter); } ...}

首先是 ProviderAlias 特性,为 Provider 指定一个别名,这样,我们在配置文件中指定 Provider 时,使用别名即可,然后使用了 模式,监控配置的变化,并进行更新,而不用去重启Web服务器。

FileLoggerFactoryExtensions

最后便是提供扩展方法,方便我们在 Program 中对日志系统进行配置。而扩展方法的实现只是很简单的将我们定义的 FileProvider 注入进去:

public static class FileLoggerFactoryExtensions{    ...    public static ILoggingBuilder AddFile(this ILoggingBuilder builder, IConfiguration configuration)    {        builder.Services.AddSingleton
>(new ConfigurationChangeTokenSource
(configuration)); builder.Services.Configure
(configuration); builder.Services.AddSingleton
>(new FileLoggerConfigureOptions(configuration)); builder.AddFile(); return builder; } ...}

只提供了 ILoggingBuilder 的扩展,而不再提供 ILoggerFactory 的扩展方法,全力拥抱 .NET Core 2.0

总结

通过对网上各种流行的开源日志框架学习借鉴,写了一个 ASP.NET Core 的 Logging 系统的文件扩展,还有很多不足之处,但更多的是一种探索,学习,借此也对 Logging 系统更加了解。而后续会再研究一下分布式日记系统。

最后附上本文所示代码地址:。

posted on
2019-01-08 08:47 阅读(
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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lonelyxmas/p/10236955.html

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